Dear all,
Welcome to a fresh new semester and fresh new blog just for you!!
We will use this blog for tasks, for keeping in touch and for uploading useful resources.
So, here's task 1 -
We have been discussing about the literature and its relevance in language teaching. For the first task, click on the links given below. You will find two articles on literature in language teaching. Read them and answer the questions given below as comments. Access the articles using the links below -
Article 1
Article 2
Answer the following questions based on the two articles -
1. What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
2. What are the three models of teaching literature as proposed by Carter and Long? Explain them in your words. Which model would you prefer? Why?
Post your answers as comments to this post. You can also post your questions and queries.
Please make sure you mention your name and semester with year (eg. Mrudulata Rathod, Sem 2, 2016) with your post.
Anna ma'm
Welcome to a fresh new semester and fresh new blog just for you!!
We will use this blog for tasks, for keeping in touch and for uploading useful resources.
So, here's task 1 -
We have been discussing about the literature and its relevance in language teaching. For the first task, click on the links given below. You will find two articles on literature in language teaching. Read them and answer the questions given below as comments. Access the articles using the links below -
Article 1
Article 2
Answer the following questions based on the two articles -
1. What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
2. What are the three models of teaching literature as proposed by Carter and Long? Explain them in your words. Which model would you prefer? Why?
Post your answers as comments to this post. You can also post your questions and queries.
Please make sure you mention your name and semester with year (eg. Mrudulata Rathod, Sem 2, 2016) with your post.
Anna ma'm
Hello ma'am...
ReplyDeleteso far as the scholerly views on teaching literature are concerned, i would like to strat with the Kinneavy's communication triangle which he/she gave in 1983. In which he/she has classified various types of literature(in article "Discourse".) and they are, 'Expressice', 'Transactional'. 'Poetic'.
Expressive= focussing on persnol expression e.g. letters, diaries etc.
Transactional- pertaining to the formal communication e.g. advertisements, business letters, editorial instructions etc.)
Poetic- focussing on the form and language like drama, poetry etc.
Or (1995) believes that literature cannot be used teaching language as it is inaccessable and can cause damage in learning process of the learners. Akyel and Yalçin(1990) support the view by asserting that it is difficult to teach the stylistic featres of literature to the students who don't have the sufficiant sophesticated understanding level of the target language. Widowson (1975) adds in it that Teachers see literature as an inappropriate tool for language teaching because it decreases the learners' “interpretative procedures'.
here i am confused regarding what widowson has said. Does he contradic or support???
ReplyDeletewhile in supporting the concept carter and Nash (1990) say that literature and language are inseparable as literature is nothing but language and the language can indeed be literary.
ReplyDeleteHello ma’am,
ReplyDeleteWe read the both the articles and we are representing what we understood.
In the first article,
Teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the article Kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse types includes
1. Expressive: - personal expression. It means a teacher can use letters or dairies to teach language in which author’s own feelings expressed.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message. Ex. Advertising. We can also say that the information is transferred between two sources.
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language. Ex. Drama,poetry,novel etc. all these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary, tenses, parts of speech, preposition, conjunctions and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. What we understood is that this model reminds GTM where the without knowing language function we used to learn only the structure.
3. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valu¬able means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
We would like to prefer the third model, “the personal growth” because this particular model is as a bridge of first two models. To learn the language, to know function and structure of language is very important. So by using this model we can teach function of language and structure of language at the same time.
Jyoti Tadvi and Rinal Vavut
Answer of question no.2
ReplyDeleteCarter and Long (1991) have presented 3 models of language teaching through literature.
The cultural model
This model refers to the understanding of the literature with the references of the social and cultural aspects of the learners.
The Language Model
Carter and Long call it as “The Language based vApproach”. Such approach anables learners in analyzing literature in systematic and methodological way. With the help of this approach, learners can devolope some important features of language like direct and indirect speech.
The Personal Growth Model
We can say that this is the combination of the cultural and the language model. Learners are encouraged to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and cultural experiences and those expressed in the text. This concept in teahing langage helps the learners in developing their schemata as well as enhancing their creative and critical thinking skills.
i would like to adapt the 3rd. approach i.e. "The Persnol Growth" approach . the reason behind it is that it includes all the ideologies of teachign languag and literature.
ReplyDeleteThe above comment was made by twinkle and nikita
DeleteThe above comment was made by twinkle and nikita
Delete1. The views of some scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are as follows:
ReplyDeleteLanguage both spoken and written comes in a variety of discourse.The variety and types of discourse perhaps best represented by Kinneavy's communication triangle
1.Expressive - Focus on personal expression
2.Transactional - Focus on both reader and message
3.Poetic - Focus on form and language
Akyel and Yalan say that desire to broaden learners horizons through exposure to classic literature usually has disappointing results.
According to Widdowson the result is that readers"interpretative procedures" may become confused and overloaded.
So these are the views put up by some scholars to teaching of literature in language classroom.
2.Three models of teaching literature proposed by Carter and Long is as follows:
*Cultural Model - This means that while selecting any literature the learner should be able to attain cultural insight, and literature should engage learners and motivate them with deeper connections to culture.
2.Language Model- This means that this model is psycholinguistic.And the main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text.
3. Personal Growth -This model aims to the students itself.It is a student centered approach.Through literature he could be educated, he can discuss the issues, give responses and his ideas.And this model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms.
I would like to prefer Personal Growth Model because through this model only a student can improve his growth in the matter of language usage.
Ans:-1 kinneavy's communication triangle 1983
ReplyDelete1 expressive (letter, diary)
2 Transactional (advertising, business letters)
3 poetic (drama, poetry, novel)
These discourse types already play significant role ln teaching various aspects of language. According to Akyel and Yalcin it is difficult to teach the stylistic features of literary discourse to the learners who do not have sufficient knowledge of basic mechanics of English language. As per the Carter and Nesh point of view one cannot separate language and literature. One should combined both literature and language while teaching in the classroom.
Ans:-2 Below are three models proposed by Carter and Long
ReplyDelete1 The Cultural Mmodel
2 The Language Model
3 The personal growth Model
From all of three I prefer third model the personal growth model it combined all the idealogy .By this model the laerner can share their emotions, feelings, thoughts etc. by using their schemata.
Ans:-2 Below are three models proposed by Carter and Long
ReplyDelete1 The Cultural Mmodel
2 The Language Model
3 The personal growth Model
From all of three I prefer third model the personal growth model it combined all the idealogy .By this model the laerner can share their emotions, feelings, thoughts etc. by using their schemata.
Answer 1:
ReplyDelete- Carter and Nash suggest that rather than perceiving literary discourse as separate and remote from non literary discourse, we ought to consider the variety of text along a continuum with some being more literary then others.
- Duff and Maloy the main reasons for integrating these elements are linguistic, methodological and motivational.
- Candlin assert ‘if literature is worth teaching, than it seems axiomatic that it is the response to literature itself which is important.
Answer 2:
There are three models: (1) the culture model (2) the language model (3) personal growth model
(1) Culture: literature can be used as a product of historical and social circumstances as a representative and reveling artifact lexes can thus be used to engaged and motivate learners and provide more ready and differ connection with target culture.
(2) The language model: a literary text may be used to provide some examples, grammatical points and lexical items, etc.
(3) The personal growth model: the purpose of personal growth model is to use of literature as vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness and to have students asses, evaluate and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text.
Thus I like the personal growth model because it develops someone in so many ways which are required in study of literature.
- vishal patel
Answer 1:
ReplyDelete- Carter and Nash suggest that rather than perceiving literary discourse as separate and remote from non literary discourse, we ought to consider the variety of text along a continuum with some being more literary then others.
- Duff and Maloy the main reasons for integrating these elements are linguistic, methodological and motivational.
- Candlin assert ‘if literature is worth teaching, than it seems axiomatic that it is the response to literature itself which is important.
Answer 2:
There are three models: (1) the culture model (2) the language model (3) personal growth model
(1) Culture: literature can be used as a product of historical and social circumstances as a representative and reveling artifact lexes can thus be used to engaged and motivate learners and provide more ready and differ connection with target culture.
(2) The language model: a literary text may be used to provide some examples, grammatical points and lexical items, etc.
(3) The personal growth model: the purpose of personal growth model is to use of literature as vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness and to have students asses, evaluate and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text.
Thus I like the personal growth model because it develops someone in so many ways which are required in study of literature.
- vishal patel
Ans:-1 kinneavy's communication triangle 1983
ReplyDelete1 expressive (letter, diary)
2 Transactional (advertising, business letters)
3 petic (drama, poetry, novel)
According to Widdowson the result is that readers"interpretative procedures" may become confused and overloaded
- Duff and Maloy the main reasons for integrating these elements are linguistic, methodological and motivational.
- Candlin assert ‘if literature is worth teaching, than it seems axiomatic that it is the response to literature itself which is important.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteHello ma’am,
ReplyDeleteThe first article says that teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the article Kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse types includes
1. Expressive: - personal expression.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valu¬able means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
I would like to prefer the third model, “the personal growth” because this particular model is as a bridge of first two models. To learn the language, to know function and structure of language is very important. So by using this model we can teach function of language and structure of language at the same time.
Ans-2: There are three Models
ReplyDelete1. The cultural Model
2. The language Model
3. The personal Growth Model
1. According to cultural Model Literature is “One of the most obvious and valuable means of attending cultural insight “.
2. In The Language Model there is the focus of the language model is psycholinguistic. Language model has benefits of expansion of vocabulary, increased reading fluency, Enhance interpretive inferential skills and exposure greater variety of language to use of ungraded, authentic texts.
3. The personal growth model The purpose is to use literature as a vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness, and to have students assess, evaluate, and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text.
Thus I like the personal growth model because it develops someone in so many ways which are required in study of literature.
Sneha,Nilam, Vasanti
ANS..1 according to our thinking we have chosen this ans from article 1. in this article scholars view about historic separation between the study of language and literature. as our point of view Kinneavy represented the verity of discourse communication try angle in 1983. 1}expressive: focuses on personal expression.
ReplyDelete2} Transnational: focuses on reader and messages.
3} Poetic: focuses on form and language.
These three discourses play significant role in teaching of languages.
Here we mentioned some answers which are based on these three model...1. cultural model, 2. the language model, 3. personal growth model.... so here these three model refers to the article number two. according to calter and long we also mentioned some individual thoughts from our own creativity. as our opinion culture model refers to the literature and it conveys some valuable points from history of literature. according to culture model we identified that text should be useful for the second language it always motives and prepare them for the target language. now we directed on the language model as we know languages are more precious then literature this point discovers that hoe language used to make correct text. some text gives grammatically points ton lexical items . Here stylistic is going to be best achievement for the learners. according to suggestion of language model it has lots of benefits. such as expansion of vocabulary, growing reading skills or fluency so these are showing important of language model. at last we implemented some points of personal growing system for the learners to reach their approach to the study of literature. it techniques to know about critical awareness and for the students evaluation and discussion.
so both the article has been read by us but there is some probably to understand article number one so here we mentioned some our thoughts which were little bit understood by us.
Thank you
completed by....
Ketan
Kuldip
Amit
Q.1: What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
ReplyDeleteAns:
- Carter and Nash propose that instead of seeing artistic talk as isolated and remote from non abstract talk, we should consider the assortment of content along a continuum with some being more scholarly then others.
- Duff and Maloy the primary purposes behind incorporating these components are etymological, methodological and motivational.
- Candlin state 'if writing merits instructing, than it appears to be proverbial that it is the reaction to writing itself which is imperative
Q. 2: What are three models of teaching literature as proposed by Carter and Long ? Explain them in your words. Which model would you prefer ? Why?
Ans:
There are three models:
1)The culture model
2) The language model
3) Personal growth model
1) Culture: writing can be utilized as a result of chronicled and social circumstances as a delegate and delighting antique lexes can in this manner be utilized to drew in and rouse learners and give more prepared and vary association with target society.
2) The dialect display: a scholarly content may be utilized to give a few cases, linguistic focuses and lexical things, and so on.
3) The self-awareness display: the reason for self-awareness model is to utilization of writing as vehicle to teach, to elevate basic mindfulness and to have understudies asses, assess and talk about issues inside of the content and incited by the content.
Thus, I like the self-awareness model in light of the fact that it creates somebody in such a large number of ways which are needed in investigation of writing.
Pritesh Patel
Hello Anna ma’am,
ReplyDeleteWe are glad to say you that we read your both article and then we try to give correct answer to your questions.
The primary article says that educators frequently see writing as improper to the dialect classroom. These perspectives mirror the noteworthy detachment between the investigation of dialect and the investigation of writing. In the article kinneavy claimed that to verity of talk, correspondence triangle. Here, three thing mentioned:
1. Expressive: - personal expression. It means a teacher can use letters or dairies to teach language in which author’s own feelings expressed.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message. Ex. Advertising. We can also say that the information is transferred between two sources.
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language. Ex. Drama, poetry, novel etc. all these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary, tenses, parts of speech, preposition, conjunctions and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valuable means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
I might want to favor the third model, "the self-improvement" in light of the fact that this specific model is as a scaffold of initial two models. To take in the dialect, to know capacity and structure of dialect is imperative. So by utilizing this model we can show capacity of dialect and structure of dialect in the meantime.
Thank you..
From: Viraj, Hasmita
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteAnswer: 1. The variety and types of discourse and perhaps best represented by kinneavy’s Communication triangle 1983 .
ReplyDelete1. Expressive: Focus on personal expression.(letter, diary)
2. Transactional: Focus on both reader and message.(advertising, business letters )
3. Poetic: Focus on form and language.(drama, poetry, novel)
According to Widdowson the result is that readers “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded. As per the Carter and Nesh point of view one cannot separate language and literature. One should combine both literature and language while teaching in the classroom.
Answer: 2. Carter and Long both are proposed three models.
1. The Cultural Model
Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of specific text.
2. The Language Model
This model is psycholinguistic. The main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text. Carter and McRae 1996 describe this model as taking a “reductive” approach to literature.
3. The Personal Growth Model
It is a student centered approach. Student can discuss the issues , give responses and his ideas. This model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms. Bridge the cultural and language. Language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
From all o three I prefer Personal growth model because the learner can share their emotions, feeling, though etc.
From: Ankita , shital, Urvshi.
Hello ma'm
ReplyDeleteWe read the article and tried to answer the question.
This article talks about the hostoric sepration between the study of language and literature. This article shows different approches to teach literature. Kinneavy has represented the variety of discourse in (1983). They are following :
Expressive: which focus on personal expression ex.letters, diaries, etc
Transactional: which focuses on both thr reader and message ex.advertising ,business letter, editiorials, instructions etc
Poetic: which focuses on form and language for example drama, poetry, novels, short stories
This types of aspects became very important in teaching literature in language classroom. It is said that generally literature is very tough and inaccessible for the foriegn learner (1995). Usually the hope to broaden learner horizone through literature last it has dissappointed results for that there are some reasons for example...reader needs greater effort to analyse the real textbook and should came to know about the real meaning. Rightly pointed one example that the " I " in literary discourse may not be the same person as the writer.
There are some approaches to teaching literature which helps fulfills the needs of EFL learners Carter and Nash (1990) describe the rationale for the use of the there main approaches to the teaching of literature.
(1) Cultural model
(2) The language model
(3) The personal growth model.
With the use of cultural model to teach literature we can develop the universality of thoughts and ideas but can also encourage tham to understand cultures. The language model is a common approach to literature in classroom is what Carter and long (1991) cloze procedure, prediction exercises, jumbled sentences, sammary writing, creating writing, role play are the activities used by teachers. In the personal growth model learners are encouraged to express their opinions feelings and opinions and make connections between their cultural and personal experiance and those expressed in the text.
At last literature xan create opporunities for personal expression and can increase knowledge of logical and grammatical structure.
Prepared by Nidhi, Dupika,kinjal
Q.1: What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
ReplyDeleteAns:Language both spoken and written comes in a variety of discourse.The variety and types of discourse perhaps best represented by Kinneavy's communication triangle.
Here, three thing mentioned:
1. Expressive: - personal expression. It means a teacher can use letters or dairies to teach language in which author’s own feelings expressed.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message. Ex. Advertising. We can also say that the information is transferred between two sources.
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language. Ex. Drama, poetry, novel etc. all these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary, tenses, parts of speech, preposition, conjunctions and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valu¬able means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
I would like to prefer the third model, “the personal growth” because this particular model is as a bridge of first two models. To learn the language, to know function and structure of language is very important. So by using this model we can teach function of language and structure of language at the same time.
From: Mihir , Vanraj
Hello Madam,
ReplyDeleteAnswer: 1
By these articles I know that how useful literature in language classroom. In the first article Kinneay’s communication triangle 1983
These three are:
Expressive: (lette ,diary)
Transactional: (advertising, business letters)
Poetics: (drama, poetry, short story, novel, etc.)
By Akyel and Yalcin in 1990 talked about to burden for the learner. In that classic literature usually has disappointing result. According to Widdowson (1975), the result is that the reader’s “interpretative procedures”.
Carter and McRae, in 1996 talked about ‘disconnected pedagogic practices’. Carter and Nash in 1990 also suggest that rather than perceiving literary discourse as separator and remote from non-literary discourse.
Widdowson (1979) Suggests, the procedures which are used to interpret literary discourse are essentially the same for interpreting any type of discourse.
Carter and Long (1991) describe the rational for the use of the three main approaches to the teaching of literature.
Answer: 2
1. The cultural model: this model represents the cultural approach to teaching literature. Such a model requires learners to explore and interpret social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model: Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature.
3. The personal growth model: Learners are encouraged to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and culture experiences and those expressed in the text.
I like the personal growth model. Because this model clearly talked about the connection between the students and the teacher. So that the learners are easily express their feelings and thoughts.
Kinjal vora
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteQue 1
ReplyDeletekinneavy's communication triangle gave in 1953. classified verious types of literature,expression,transactional,poetic.
expressive : focus on personal expression
transactional: formal communication,reader
poetic: language and forms drama novel, poetry,vocabulary, speech,structure comprehansion
so we can say that language and literature are cute couple. they made for each other .
QUE 2
Cultural model: traditional approach to teaching literature.learner to explore and interpret the social, political, literary context of a specific text
language model: its focus on to the use of language and forms ,text
the personal growth model:with this mixup of cultural and language model lerner encourege to express their ideas of teaching language helps the lerner in developing ESL so with these type of activities learner growth.
ajay ashish
Q.1: What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
ReplyDeleteAns; In the first article Kinneay’s communication triangle 1983
1. Expressive: - personal expression. we can express our personal expresion through this.
2. Transactional: Focus on both reader and message.(advertising, business letters )
3. Poetic: Focus on form and language.(drama, poetry, novel)
So these are the views put up by some scholars to teaching of literature in language classroom.
Ans 2;
In the second article Carter and Long talks about three models. these are under as
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. What we understood is that this model reminds GTM where the without knowing language function we used to learn only the structure.
3. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
Ans.1.
ReplyDeleteHow useful literature in language classroom? In the first article Kinneay’s communication triangle 1983.
Here, three thing mentioned...
1. Expressive...
2. Transactional...
3. Poetic...
1. According to cultural Model Literature is "One of the most obvious and valuable means of attending cultural insight".
2. Transactional focus on both reader and message.(advertising, business letters )
3. Poetic focus on form and language. Ex. Drama, poetry, novel etc. all these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary, tenses, parts of speech, preposition, conjunctions and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
Ans.2.
1. The Cultural Model
Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. What we understood is that this model reminds GTM where the without knowing language function we used to learn only the structure.
3. The personal growth model: Learners are encouraged to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and culture experiences and those expressed in the text.
Views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are as follows:
ReplyDelete1. Expressive: - personal interpretation.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are interdependent we cant separate both from each other.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are as follows ,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valu¬able means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.With the use of cultural model to teach literature we can develop the universality of thoughts and ideas but can also encourage tham to understand cultures. The language model is a common approach to literature in classroom is what Carter and long (1991) cloze procedure, prediction exercises, jumbled sentences, sammary writing, creating writing, role play are the activities used by teachers.
Views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are as follows:
ReplyDelete1. Expressive: - personal interpretation.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are interdependent we cant separate both from each other.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are as follows ,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valu¬able means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.With the use of cultural model to teach literature we can develop the universality of thoughts and ideas but can also encourage tham to understand cultures. The language model is a common approach to literature in classroom is what Carter and long (1991) cloze procedure, prediction exercises, jumbled sentences, sammary writing, creating writing, role play are the activities used by teachers.
Hello Madam, Q.1: What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
ReplyDeleteAns:
- Carter and Nash propose that instead of seeing artistic talk as isolated and remote from non abstract talk, we should consider the assortment of content along a continuum with some being more scholarly then others.
- Duff and Maloy the primary purposes behind incorporating these components are etymological, methodological and motivational.
- Candlin state 'if writing merits instructing, than it appears to be proverbial that it is the reaction to writing itself which is imperative
Q. 2: What are three models of teaching literature as proposed by Carter and Long ? Explain them in your words. Which model would you prefer ? Why?
Ans:
There are three models:
1)The culture model
2) The language model
3) Personal growth model
1) Culture: writing can be utilized as a result of chronicled and social circumstances as a delegate and delighting antique lexes can in this manner be utilized to drew in and rouse learners and give more prepared and vary association with target society.
2) The dialect display: a scholarly content may be utilized to give a few cases, linguistic focuses and lexical things, and so on.
3) The self-awareness display: the reason for self-awareness model is to utilization of writing as vehicle to teach, to elevate basic mindfulness and to have understudies asses, assess and talk about issues inside of the content and incited by the content.
Thus, I like the self-awareness model in light of the fact that it creates somebody in such a large number of ways which are needed in investigation of writing.
from.bharat
Hello ma’am,
ReplyDelete1.The first article says that teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the article Kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse types includes
1. Expressive: - personal expression.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other . Ans-2: There are three Models
1. The cultural Model
2. The language Model
3. The personal Growth Model
1. According to cultural Model Literature is “One of the most obvious and valuable means of attending cultural insight “.
2. In The Language Model there is the focus of the language model is psycholinguistic. Language model has benefits of expansion of vocabulary, increased reading fluency, Enhance interpretive inferential skills and exposure greater variety of language to use of ungraded, authentic texts.
3. The personal growth model The purpose is to use literature as a vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness, and to have students assess, evaluate, and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text.
Thus I like the personal growth model because it develops someone in so many ways which are required in study of literature. from.Bharat vasava
Ans: 1 In one point of view language and literature are inseparable. As a ESL teacher we generally focus on communication because of that we fee literature is inappropriate in language classroom. kinneavy presents communication triangle for various discourse which belongs to expressive, transactional and poetic types. Expressive focuses on personal emotion, transactional focuses on both reader and the message whereas poetic focuses on language and form. It tries to make personal to universal. But these all types are useful in one or another way. We do not neglect importance of any of them. According to Akyel and Yalcin (1990) to teach stylistic features of literature is a bit difficult task. Infect the interpretation in literature is also takes more efforts to foreign language learners. Widdowson (1975) also supports this point of view. According to him to interpret non- literary discourse is easier rather than literary discourse. According to Carter and Nash literature and language are two different sides of one coin. We cannot make them separate. Infect there is a very thin line between them since Literature is Language and language can indeed be literary.
ReplyDeleteAns: 2 in language classroom to teach literature is beneficial activity but the teacher should be able to find out the proper approach for teaching it. Carter and Long (1991) proposed three different models for teaching literature in language classroom which are Cultural Model, Language Model and The personal Growth Model. The Cultural model focuses on historical, social, political and language in a particular context. Language model focuses on linguistic goals. It provides little engagement of learner for improving linguistic competence. The personal growth model is like a bridge between cultural and language model. It provides the space to learner for his own development. It encourages to the learner for using his schemata and makes him able to extend his knowledge.
I would like to use personal growth model in my language classroom but in my point of view we should have use any model according our learner’s need as well as the situation of our classroom. it is not necessary that every model is successful in every classroom or we cannot judge without experiment that any model became unsuccessful in any classroom. Every class is unique.
Nikita Joshi & Leena Shah
This article describe various approaches to teaching literature and provides a rationale for an integrated approach to teaching literature in the language classroom based on the premise that literature is language and language can indeed be literary. According to scholars as a teacher our main aim is to help learners acquire communicative competence.for this reason we have to focus on teaching standard forms of linguistic expression. Kinneavy's communication triangle which she gave in 1983. In which she has describe various types of literature. And they are divided in 3 parts. 1) Expressive 2) Transactional 3) poetic.
ReplyDeleteIn first one she said that focuses on personal expression so students can acquire feeling by own self they will first put own self at that level so they can get the own expression on the language.
In second one Transactional she want said about pertinent to the formal communication if teacher create a situation like a to make a advertisements or any type of business letters so students will go beyond the syllabus or they are trying to convey a one type of massage for that and also they are communicate in second language.
The last one is poetic in that she tries to say that focus on form and language
Ans :1
ReplyDeleteHello mam,
I read the both articles and representing what I understood.
Teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These view reflect the historic separation between the study of language and literature.
Kinneavy represented verity of discourse communication triangle.
Includes:
1: Expressive: focus on personal expression
2: Transactional: focus on both reader and message
3: Poetic: focus on form and language
• Carter and Nash Suggest that rather than perceiving literary discourse as separate and remote from non-literary discourse.
• Duff and Maloy the main reason for integrating these elements are linguistic, methodological and motivational.
chirag modh
ans.2
ReplyDeleteThere models of teaching literature proposed by Carter and Long is as follow:-
1: Cultural model:
This means that while selecting any literature the learners should be able to attain cultural insight, and literature should engage learner and motivate them.
2: Language model:
A literary text may be used to provide some example,grammatical point and lexical items.
3:The personal growth model:
This model aims to the students itself. It is a students centered approach.
I would like to prefer personal growth model because through this model only a students can improve his own growth in the matter of language usage.
chirag modh
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
ReplyDelete1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. What we understood is that this model reminds GTM where the without knowing language function we used to learn only the structure.
3. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
From all of three I prefer third model the personal growth model it combined all the ideology .By this model the laerners can share their emotions, feelings, thoughts etc. by using their schemata
The first article says that teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. Kinneavy has represented the variety of discourse in (1983). They are following :Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
ReplyDeleteThere three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valuable means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
-Iqbalhusain sunasara
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteHello Anna mam’am
ReplyDeleteAns 1 The view of some scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are as follows :-
These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the first article kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse type includes
1 Expressive: personal expression
2 Transactional: focus on both reader and message
3Poetic: focus on from
According to window son the result is that reader “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded.
So, above are the views put up some scholars to teaching of literature in language classrooms.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeletePayal Bhatt, Sem-2,2016
ReplyDeleteAns-1) The first article show the reasons why teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. Some scholars give their views related to teaching of literature in language classroom. In Kinneavy’s communication triangle in 1983 includes classification of discourse.
1.Expressive - Focus on personal expression.
2.Transactional - Focus on both reader and message.
3.Poetic - Focus on form and language.
Research done by Akyel and Yalçin in 1990 which shows that the desire to broaden learners’ horizons through exposure to classic literature usually has disappointing results.
According to Widdowson (1975), the reader’s “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded.
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
Payal Bhatt,Sem -2,2016
ReplyDeleteAns-2)There are three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1.)The cultural Model- Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2.) The language model: Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. This model enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way
3.)The personal growth model :Opportunity is given to learners to express their opinions, feelings. This model helps learners to develop their knowledge of ideas and language.
I would like to prefer “Personal Growth” model because readers are able to interpret text and construct meaning on the basis of their own experience in this model. It is useful for learner’s linguistic development.
Payal Bhatt,Sem -2,2016
ReplyDeleteAns-2)There are three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1.)The cultural Model- Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2.) The language model: Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. This model enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way
3.)The personal growth model :Opportunity is given to learners to express their opinions, feelings. This model helps learners to develop their knowledge of ideas and language.
I would like to prefer “Personal Growth” model because readers are able to interpret text and construct meaning on the basis of their own experience in this model. It is useful for learner’s linguistic development.
This comment has been removed by the author.
ReplyDeleteShreya Painter
ReplyDeleteMA. Sem: 2, 2016
Ans. (2)
The three main models of the teaching of literature which are proposed by Carter and Long (1991):
(1)The Cultural Model: Cultural model represents the traditional approach to teaching literature.
By this model learners understand the different ideas and thoughts of different culture, and also interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of the text, so by this learners can learn the language.
(2)The Language Model: Carter and Long (1991) refer this model as the ‘language-based approach’. With the help of this approach learner can learn different grammar topics, because in the language, literature provides to learner the numbers of activities to enhance their language.
(3)The Personal Growth Model: By the particular use of language, this model connect both models cultural model and language model.
As it connect both model so by the cultural model, learners can express their own culture which experience by them, and with this personal growth model they can compare their culture with different one with the help of language.(language model)
I would like to prefer the third model”The personal Growth Model”, because it connects both models so learner can focusing on the particular use of language in a text as well as they can also express their opinion, feelings and make connections between their own personal and cultural experiences in a text.
Shreya Painter
ReplyDeleteMA. Sem: 2, 2016
Ans. (1)
Language, both spoken and written, comes in a variety of discourse types,
Kinneavy represented the varieties and types of discourse in communication triangle (1983).there are three type of discourse:
1) Expressive: This focuses on personal expression (letters, diaries, etc.)
2) Transactional: This focuses on both the reader and the message (advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions, etc.)
3) Poetic: This focuses on form and language (drama, poetry, novels, short stories, etc.).
All these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
According to “Carter and Nash” (1990) rather than perceiving literary discourse as separate and remote from non-literary discourse, we ought to consider the variety of text types along a continuum with some being more literary than others.
The reasons why teachers often consider literature inappropriate to the language classroom may be found in the common beliefs held about literature and literary language. (1)The creative use of language in poetry and prose often deviates from the conventions and rules which govern standard, non-literary discourse, as in the case of poetry where grammar and lexis may be manipulated to serve orthographic or phonological features of the language.(2)The reader requires greater effort to interpret literary texts since meaning is detached from the reader’s immediate social context; one example is that the “I” in literary discourse may not be the same person as the writer.
According to” (Widdowson, 1975), the result is that the reader’s “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded.
So we may say that with the teaching of literature in the classroom, learner can enhance the language as well as they can make the explicit use of alliteration, assonance, register, imagery, ellipsis and rhythm and other grammatical topics.
MRUDULATA RATHOD (MA SEM 2)
ReplyDeleteHello Madam,
Answer 1:
The views of some scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are as follows:
Language both spoken and written comes in a variety of discourse .The variety and types of discourse perhaps best represented by Kinneavy's communication triangle
1.Expressive - Focus on personal expression(letters, diaries, etc.)
2. Transactional - Focus on both reader and message (advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions, etc.)
3.Poetic - Focus on form and language (drama, poetry, novels, short stories, etc.).
According to Widdowson, the result is that the reader’s “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded. What this means is that the reader has to infer, anticipate and negotiate meaning from within the text to a degree that is not required in non-literary discourse. Thus, in our efforts to teach our learners’ communicative competence there is a tendency to make use of texts which focus on the transactional and expressive forms of writing with the exclusion or restriction of poetic forms of language – i.e. literature.
Answer 2:
Cartin and Long proposed three models of teaching literature :
1.Cultural Model - This is focusing on selection of any literature, the learner should be able to attain cultural insight, and literature should engage learners and motivate them with deeper connections to culture.
2. Language Model- This model is psycholinguistic and the main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text.
3. Personal Growth -This model aims to the students itself .It is a student centered approach. Through literature he could get good education. So, he can discuss the issues, give responses and his ideas. And this model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms.
I like to prefer language model because this model focusing on language, particular text so that the students can concentrate more on language and it also help them to improve their vocabulary.
Ranjan Rathva sem 2
ReplyDeleteAns 2:- There are three model described in second article by Carter and long
1 The cultural Model :- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the
social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text. This model is largely rejected by those in TEFL since not only does it
tend to be teacher-centered but there is little opportunity for extended language work.
2 The language Mode :-l Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. This
model enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way
3 The personal growth Model :- bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a
text.
I would like to prefer the third model, “the personal growth” because this particular model is as a bridge of first two models. To learn the language, to know function and structure of language is very important. So by using this model we can teach function of language and structure of language at the same time.
Answer: 1
ReplyDeleteArticle says that teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the article Kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse types includes
1. Expressive: - personal expression.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long (1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valuable means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artefact.
I would like to prefer the third model, “the personal growth” because this particular model is as a bridge of first two models. To learn the language, to know function and structure of language is very important. So by using this model we can teach function of language and structure of language at the same time.
Answer: 2. Carter and Long both are proposed three models.
1. The Cultural Model
Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of specific text.
2. The Language Model
This model is psycholinguistic. The main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text. Carter and McRae 1996 describe this model as taking a “reductive” approach to literature.
3. The Personal Growth Model
It is a student centered approach. Student can discuss the issues , give responses and his ideas. This model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms. Bridge the cultural and language. Language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
From all o three I prefer Personal growth model because the learner can share their emotions, feeling, though etc.
vikas baria
Jinal doshi (MA Sem 2)
ReplyDeleteHello Madam,
Answer: 1
The variety and types of discourse and perhaps best represented by Kinneavy’s Communication triangle 1983 .
1. Expressive: Focus on personal expression.(letter, diary)
2. Transactional: Focus on both reader and message.(advertising, business letters )
3. Poetic: Focus on form and language.(drama, poetry, novel)
Indeed, all these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
According to Widdowson the result is that readers “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded. As per the Carter and Nesh point of view one cannot separate language and literature. One should combine both literature and language while teaching in the classroom.
Answer: 2
Carter and Long both are proposed three models.
1. The Cultural Model
Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of specific text.
2. The Language Model
This model is psycholinguistic. The main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text. Carter and McRae 1996 describe this model as taking a “reductive” approach to literature.
3. The Personal Growth Model
It is a student centered approach. Student can discuss the issues , give responses and his ideas. This model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms. Bridge the cultural and language. Language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
From all o three I prefer Personal growth model because the learner can share their emotions, feeling, though etc.
It is a student centered approach in which the learner get the opportunity to encourage or express their feelings in a systematic way
AMANI SREERAMOJU (M.A SEM 2)
ReplyDeleteHello Mam,
Answer 1:
The views of some scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are as follows:
1.Expressive - Focus on personal expression(letters, diaries, etc.)
2. Transactional - Focus on both reader and message (advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions, etc.)
3.Poetic - Focus on form and language (drama, poetry, novels, short stories, etc.).
Language is expressive in diaries and letters where our own imagination is reflected.
In transactional view we can see that language is somewhat authentic and it is related to real world like business letters, editorials etc.
Language can be poetic in literature where we can come across many beautiful works.
Answer 2:
Cartin and Long proposed three models of teaching literature :
1.Cultural Model - This is focusing on selection of any literature, the learner should be able to attain cultural insight, and literature should engage learners and motivate them with deeper connections to culture.
2. Language Model- This model is psycholinguistic and the main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text.
3. Personal Growth -This model aims to the students itself .It is a student centered approach. Through literature he could get good education. So, he can discuss the issues, give responses and his ideas. And this model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms.
I prefer personal growth model because it focuses on overall development of the child without any force. It’s a student centered approach so here student need to take initiative for the personal growth.
Hello ma’am,
ReplyDeleteAnswer- 1
In these first article teachers often regard literature as undue to the language classroom. These views show the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the article Kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse types includes
1. Expressive: - personal expression like letters, dairies etc.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message e.g. advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions, etc.
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language e.g. drama, poetry, novels, short stories, etc.
Carter and Nash in 1990 suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
Answer-2
There are three models described in the article by Carter and Long in 1991 they are,
1. The cultural Model: - represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text. This model is largely rejected by those in TEFL since not only does it tend to be teacher-centered but there is little opportunity for extended language work.
2. The language model: - Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature e.g. Literal and figurative language, direct and indirect Speech. Carter and McRae in 1996 describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature.
3. The personal growth model: - the purpose of “Personal Growth” model is to use of literature as vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness and to have students asses, evaluate and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text.
From all of three I would like to prefer third model the personal growth model in this model the learner can share their emotions, feelings, thoughts, information, knowledge etc.
Khushbu Patel, semester 2, 2016
2.Three models of teaching literature proposed by Carter and Long is as follows:
ReplyDelete*Cultural Model - This means that while selecting any literature the learner should be able to attain cultural insight, and literature should engage learners and motivate them with deeper connections to culture.
2.Language Model- This means that this model is psycholinguistic.And the main focus should be given to the use of language in particular text.
3. Personal Growth -This model aims to the students itself.It is a student centered approach.Through literature he could be educated, he can discuss the issues, give responses and his ideas.And this model is very much suitable for high school and undergraduate classrooms.
I would like to prefer Personal Growth Model because through this model only a student can improve his growth in the matter of language usage.
iqbalhusain sunasra
Ans:- 1
ReplyDeleteThis article talks about the historic separation between the study of language and literature. This article shows different approaches to teach literature. Kinneavy has represented the variety of discourse in (1983). They are following :
Expressive: which focus on personal expression ex.letters, diaries, etc
Transactional: which focuses on both their reader and message ex.advertising ,business letter, editorials, instructions etc
Poetic: which focuses on form and language for example drama, poetry, novels, short stories
This types of aspects became very important in teaching literature in language classroom. It is said that generally literature is very tough and inaccessible for the foreign learner (1995). Usually the hope to broaden learner horizon through literature last it has disappointed results for that there are some reasons for example...reader needs greater effort to analyse the real textbook and should came to know about the real meaning. Rightly pointed one example that the " I " in literary discourse may not be the same person as the writer.
There are some approaches to teaching literature which helps fulfills the needs of EFL learners Carter and Nash (1990) describe the rationale for the use of the there main approaches to the teaching of literature.
Janki patel
Ans:2
ReplyDeleteCarter and Long (1991) have presented 3 models of language teaching through literature.
The cultural model
This model refers to the understanding of the literature with the references of the social and cultural aspects of the learners.
The Language Model
Carter and Long call it as “The Language based Approach”. Such approach enables learners in analyzing literature in systematic and methodological way. With the help of this approach, learners can develop some important features of language like direct and indirect speech.
The Personal Growth Model
We can say that this is the combination of the cultural and the language model. Learners are encouraged to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and cultural experiences and those expressed in the text. This concept in teaching language helps the learners in developing their schemata as well as enhancing their creative and critical thinking skills.
janki patel
BLESSY BABU(M A SEM 2)
ReplyDeleteHello Madam,
Answer :1
This are the some views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom.
Language both spoken and written comes in a variety of discourse .The variety and types of discourse perhaps best represented by Kinneavy's communication triangle
1.Expressive - Focus on personal expression like letters and diaries in which we can express ourselves with our own imagination.
2. Transactional - Focus on both reader and message like advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions where we need to be formal in writing. Here we are using authentic language.
3. Poetic - Focus on form and language like drama, poetry, novels, short stories. Language is always sharper than sword. So writers use good ornamental language to increase the beauty of verse and prose.
BHARGAVI PATEL (MA SEM-2)
ReplyDeleteAnswer - 1 :
The views of some scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom are, Language both spoken and written comes in a variety of discourse. The variety and types of discourse are represented by Kinneavy’s communication triangle (1983). The types of discourse are :
1- Expressive – the focus on personal expression (letters, diaries, etc… ).
2- Transactional – the focus on both the reader and message (advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions, etc..).
3- Poetic – the focus on form and language (drama, poetry, novels, short stories, etc….).
All these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as Vocabulary and Structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
The reasons why teachers often consider literature in appropriate to the language classroom may be found in the common beliefs held about literature and literary language: (1)The creative use of language in poetry and prose often deviates from the conventions and rules which govern standard, non-literary discourse, as in the case of poetry where grammar and lexis may be manipulated to serve orthographic or phonological features of the language. (2)The reader requires greater effort to interpret literary texts since meaning is detached from the reader’s immediate social context; one example is that the “I” in literary discourse may not be the same person as the writer.
According to Widdowson(1975), the result is that the reader’s “interpretative procedures” may become confused and overloaded. It means is that the reader has to infer, anticipate and negotiate meaning from within the text to a degree that is not required in non-literary discourse. Thus, in our efforts to teach our learners’ communicative competence there is a tendency to make use of texts which focus on the transactional and expressive forms of writing with the exclusion or restriction of poetic forms of language – i.e. literature.
So from, this, we can say that language and literature both are depended on each other.
Hasmukh Chaudhari (Sem.2)
ReplyDeleteQue.1: What are some of the views of scholars related to teaching of literature in language classroom?
Answer: It could be easy to teach learners with the help of literature. In the classroom study of language and study of literature both are different terms, many teachers’ feels, to teach literature in classroom is an inappropriate. However the use of literary text is very powerful tool to teach students. This articles talks about various approaches to teach literature.
It is rightly said that communicative competence is more than acquiring mastery of structure and form. Literature involves acquiring the ability to interpret discourse in all its social and cultural contexts. For this reason, the use of literature in the EFL classroom can provide a powerful pedagogic tool in learners’ linguistic development.
In Kinneavy’s communication triangle, he has represented the variety and types of discourse. This classification of discourse types includes;
Expressive: It is focus on personal expression (letters, diaries, etc.);
Transactional: It is focus on both the reader and the message (advertising, business letters, editorials, instructions, etc.); and
Poetic: It is focus on form and language (drama, poetry, novels, short stories, etc.).
All these discourse types helps the learners to learn vocabulary, structure and form etc.
There is a general perception that literature is particularly complex and inaccessible for the foreign language learner and can even be unfavourable to the process of language learning. This perception is also borne out by research (Akyel and Yalçin, 1990) which shows that the desire to broaden learners’ horizons through exposure to classic literature usually has disappointing results. It means to teach classical literature in the classroom is of no use. The teacher believe that to teach literature in classroom is an inappropriate and the reasons they have given are; firstly the creative use of language in poetry and prose. Secondly, the reader requires greater effort to interpret literary texts since meaning is detached from the reader’s immediate social context; one example is that the “I” in literary discourse may not be the same person as the writer. It means whatever writer has written in his text somehow may not comprehend by reader, because of creative use of language and his idea.
Answer: 1
ReplyDeleteBy these articles I know that how useful literature in language classroom. In the first article Kinneay’s communication triangle 1983
keeran solanki
These three are:
Expressive: (lette ,diary)
Transactional: (advertising, business letters)
Poetics: (drama, poetry, short story, novel, etc.)
By Akyel and Yalcin in 1990 talked about to burden for the learner. In that classic literature usually has disappointing result. According to Widdowson (1975), the result is that the reader’s “interpretative procedures”.
Carter and McRae, in 1996 talked about ‘disconnected pedagogic practices’. Carter and Nash in 1990 also suggest that rather than perceiving literary discourse as separator and remote from non-literary discourse.
Widdowson (1979) Suggests, the procedures which are used to interpret literary discourse are essentially the same for interpreting any type of discourse.
Carter and Long (1991) describe the rational for the use of the three main approaches to the teaching of literature.
Answer: 2
1. The cultural model: this model represents the cultural approach to teaching literature. Such a model requires learners to explore and interpret social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model: Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature.
3. The personal growth model: Learners are encouraged to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and culture experiences and those expressed in the text.
I like the personal growth model. Because this model clearly talked about the connection between the students and the teacher. So that the learners are easily express their feelings and thoughts.
Answer 1
ReplyDeleteThe literature part provides the exposure to written language in the classroom. The students come across new words and their usage in different ways. This also provides students with language competence. Kinneavy’s communication triangle (1983) has provided classifications of discourse into three parts.
Expressive which focuses on the personal expression which includes the discourse like letters, dairies etc.
Transactional which includes the material like business letters, advertisements, editorials etc. These kinds of materials focus on both reader and message.
Poetic which includes the discourse like novel, play, drama, poetry etc.
All these kinds of discourse provides written exposure of the language and the students can come across the new style of using language in different ways.
According to ( Akyel and Yalçin, 1990), the teaching of language through using literature provides less output at the end because the language used in the literature is not found comfortable to use in the communication because of its rules and conventions.
Answer 2
The Cultural Model:
This model is a traditional model of teaching literature which involves knowledge of different kinds of cultures. This model of teaching literature was rejected mainly because it was teacher centered and provided less opportunity to interact.
The Language Model:
The language model also known as language based approach (Carter and Long,1991), is the most common approach to teach the literature and the language simultaneously in the classroom. Apart from the teaching of literature, this model provides opportunities to learn and use the different functions of the language in the form of tasks. This model provides a systematic linguistic practice to the students.
The Personal Growth Model:
This model can be referred as the combination of The Cultural Model and The Language Model. It also can be taken as the learner centered approach. According to this model students can use their schemata and can relate the particular topic with their own knowledge regarding that topic. This model also enables the students to use the language and practice the different aspects of the language.
In my opinion, I would definitely prefer The Personal Growth Model, because first it is a kind of learner centered approach, and give freedom to the students to use their own background knowledge and experience to understand the text or the content. Secondly, it gives knowledge of literature as well as language, so the students can experience both the verbal and the written language.
Ajay Dabhi SEM2, 2016.
BHARGAVI PATEL (MA SEM- 2)
ReplyDeleteAnswer- 2
Carter and Long (1991) have presented 3 models of language teaching through literature.
1) The cultural model:- This model refers to the understanding of the literature with the references of the social and cultural aspects of the learners.
2) The Language Model :- Carter and Long call it as “The Language based approach”. With the help of this approach, learners can developed some important features of language like direct and indirect speech.
3) The Personal Growth Model :- This model aims is the students itself . It is a student centered approach. Student can discuss the issues , and they can also discuss their ideas. This model connect both models cultural model and language model.
I would like to prefer personal growth model because this model focuses on learners over all development. Learners get more opportunities to express their views and ideas.
Ans.1—
ReplyDeleteAs teacher of English as a Foreign Language our main concern is to help learners acquire communicative competence. For this reason we tend to focus on teaching standard forms of linguistic expression .Communicative competence is more than acquiring mastery of structure and form.
Focusing on Literature
Language , both spoken and written , comes in a variety of discourse types and ,as teachers of language, we attempt to introduce our learners to as many of these as possible . The variety and types of discourse are perhaps best represented by Kinneavy’s communication triangle (1983).This classification of discourse types includes expressive ,transactional, poetic.
It is difficult to imagine teaching the stylistic features of literary discourse to learners who have a less than sophisticated grasp of the basic mechanics of English language. This perception is also born out by Akyel and Yalcin,1990.which shows that the desire to broaden learners horizons through exposure to classic literature usually has disappointing results.
The common beliefs about literature and literary language .Firstly, the creative use of language in poetry and prose often deviates from the conventions and rules which govern standard, non-literary discourse, as in the case of poetry where grammar and lexis may be manipulated to serve orthographic or phonological features of the language .Secondly ,the reader requires greater effort to interpret literary texts since meaning is detached from the reader ‘s immediate social context; one example is that the “I” in literary discourse may not be the same person as the writer.
The result is that the reader’s “interpretative procedure “(Widdowson,1975) may become confused and overloaded. What this means is that the reader has to infer, anticipate and negotiate meaning from within the text to a degree that is not required in non- literary discourse. Thus ,in our efforts to teach our learners’ communicative competence there is a tendency to make use of texts which focus on the transactional and expressive forms of writing with the exclusion or restriction of poetic forms of language – i.e. literature.
Short(1996) refers to as a ‘border dispute over territory ‘ between linguists and literary critics.This divergence has resulted in the teaching of the two subjects as ‘disconnected pedagogic practices’(Carter and McRae,1996:xxiv).Carter and Nash (1990)suggest that rather than perceiving literary and non-literary discourse as separate and remote from non-literary discourse, we ought to consider the variety of text types along a continuum with some being more literary than others. As Widdowson (1979) suggests, the procedures which are used to interpret literary discourse are essentially the same for interpreting any type of discourse.
Ans.2--
ReplyDeleteCarter and Long (1991) describe the rationale for the use of the three main approaches to the teaching of literature:
1. The Cultural model
2. The Language Model
3. The Personal Growth Model
The Personal Growth Model
The Personal Growth Model is focusing on the particular use of language in a text ,as well as placing it in a specific cultural context. learners are encourage to express their ideas, feelings and opinions to make connection between own personal and cultural experience and those expressed in the text. this model helps learners to develop knowledge of ideas and language –content and formal schemata –through different themes and topics. Goodman ,1970 in his theories he emphasis the interaction of the reader with the text. As Cadorath and Harris point out(1998:188) “text itself has no meaning, it only provides direction for the reader to construct meaning from the reader’s own experience “. Thus, learning is said to take place when reader are able to interpret text and construct meaning on the basis of their own experience .
The purpose of is to use literature as a vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness, and to have students assess, evaluate, and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text. This model is used in different context, but is particularly well suited to the developing language learner reflecting on development through childhood and adolescence, and thus is particularly suited to the high school and undergraduate university classroom
Ans.1.
ReplyDeleteHow useful literature in language classroom? In the first article Kinneay’s communication triangle 1983.
Here, three thing mentioned...
1. Expressive...
2. Transactional...
3. Poetic...
1. According to cultural Model Literature is "One of the most obvious and valuable means of attending cultural insight".
2. Transactional focus on both reader and message.(advertising, business letters )
3. Poetic focus on form and language. Ex. Drama, poetry, novel etc. all these discourse types already play a significant role in teaching various aspects of language such as vocabulary, tenses, parts of speech, preposition, conjunctions and structure, or testing learners’ comprehension.
Ans.2.
1. The Cultural Model
Represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. What we understood is that this model reminds GTM where the without knowing language function we used to learn only the structure.
3. The personal growth model: Learners are encouraged to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and culture experiences and those expressed in the text.
Anas patel
Answer 1
ReplyDeleteThis article says that the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. The article describes various approaches. We tend to focus on teaching standard forms of linguistic expression.
Kinneavy’s communicationTriang (1983).This classification of discourse types:
1) Expressive: Focuses on personal expression. Teacher can use letters or diaries etc.
2) Translational: Focuses on both the reader and the message e.g. advertising, business, letters, editorials etc.
3) Poetic: Focuses on form and language e.g. drama, poetry, novels, short stories.
Answer 2) In this article there are three models .Given by Carter and Long (1991)
1) The cultural models: This model represents the traditional approach to teaching literature . A model requires learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text. Scott strongly advocates the use of literature as a cultural way.
2) The language model: In this model enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify specific linguistic features. e.g, literal and figurative language. Carter and Mac Rae describe this model is taking a ‘reductive approach’. Among the suggested benefits of the language are the expansion of vocabulary and increasing reading flunky.
3) The personal growth model , the model attempts to bright the cultural model and the language model by focusing on the particular use of language in text . As Cadornath and Harris point out “text its self has no meaning it only provide direction for the reader to constructs meaning from the readers on experience.
Ans1
ReplyDeleteThe first article says that teachers often regard literature as inappropriate to the language classroom. These views reflect the historic separation between the study of language and the study of literature. In the article Kinneavy represented verity of discourse, communication triangle. This discourse types includes
1. Expressive: - personal expression.
2. Transactional: - focus on both the reader and message
3. Poetic:- focus on form and language
Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that the separation of literature from language is a false dualism since literature is language and language can indeed be literary. We can say that language and literature both are dependent on each other.
Ans2
There three models described in the article by Carter and Long(1991) they are,
1. The cultural Model:- represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text.
2. The language model:- Enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify linguistic feature. Carter and McRae (1996) describe this model as taking a ‘reductive’ approach to literature. The personal growth Model: - bridge the cultural and the language by focusing on the particular views of language in a text.
According to Scott, “one of the most obvious and valu¬able means of attaining cultural insights.” From this, we can say that Scott strongly followed the Cultural Model. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
I would like to prefer the third model, “the personal growth” because this particular model is as a bridge of first two models. To learn the language, to know function and structure of language is very important. So by using this model we can teach function of language and structure of language at the same time.
Hasmukh Chaudhari (Sem.2)
ReplyDelete2. What are the three models of teaching literature as proposed by Carter and Long? Explain them in your words. Which model would you prefer? Why?
Answer: Carter and Long has proposed three models of teaching literature. They are;
1. The Cultural Model
2. The Language Model
3. The Personal Growth Model
The Cultural Model: It represents the traditional way of teaching literature. For this learner requires exploring and interpreting the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text. Scott strongly advocates the use of literature as a cultural way in. So, the learners can learn different cultures and also understand different ideology. Through learning culture and history, the learners will develop social community idea.
The Language Model: It is most common approach in literature, Carter and Long refers as a “Language-based approach”. Such an approach enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify specific linguistic features e.g. literal and figurative language, direct and indirect speech. In this approach many activities can be done like cloze procedure, prediction exercises, jumbled sentences, summary writing, creative writing and role play etc. These all are activities provide specific linguistic goals.
The Personal Growth Model: This model is focusing on the particular use of language in a text, as well as placing it in a specific cultural context. In this model learners are encouraged to express their idea, feeling, opinions and also make connection with them and with text as well. . As Cadorath and Harris point out (1998:188) "text itself has no meaning, it only provides direction for the reader to construct meaning from the reader's own experience". Thus, learning is said to take place when readers are able to interpret text and construct meaning on the basis of their own experience.
In nutshell I would like to say that, I preferred The Personal Growth Model. Because, in this model the learners can use their own knowledge and idea to express their feelings, thoughts and opinions. The learning will take place automatically when; learners will construct meaning on the basis of their own experience. And I opined that it is the best way to teach literature in the classroom.
ANSWER 1
ReplyDeleteAkyel and Yalcin, 1990 which shows that the desire to broaden learner’s horizons through exposure to classic literature usually has disappointing results. The reasons why teachers often consider literature inappropriate to the language classroom may be found in the common beliefs held about literature and literary language.
The reader’s “interpretative procedures” (Widdowson, 1975) may become confused and overloaded. The reader has to infer, anticipate and negotiate meaning from within the text to a degree that is not required in non-literary discourse. Thus, in our efforts to teach our learners’ communicative competence there is a tendency to make use of texts which focus on the transactional and expressive forms of writing with the exclusion or restriction of poetic forms of language that is literature. Widdowson (1979) suggests, the procedures which are used to interpret literary discourse are essentially the same for interpreting any type of discourse.
The classification of discourse types in this way would seem to suggest that there are distinct differences between literary and non-literary discourse. This reflects a historic divergence between language and literature, which Short (1996) refers to as a ‘border dispute over territory’ between linguists and literary critics. This divergence has resulted in the teaching of the two subjects as ‘disconnected pedagogic practices’ (Carter and McRae). This is not to say there is no difference between literary and non-literary discourse; however, Carter and Nash (1990) suggest that rather than perceiving literary discourse as separate and remote from non-literary discourse, we ought to consider the variety of text types along a continuum with some being more literary than others.
Ishani Desai
ANSWER 2
ReplyDeleteCarter and Long (1991) describe the rationale for the use of the three main approaches to the teaching of literature they are:
Cultural Model: - This model represents the traditional approach to teaching literature. Such a model requires learners to explore and interpret the social, political, literary and historical context of a specific text. By using such a model to teach literature we not only reveal the universality of such thoughts and ideas but encourage learners to understand different cultures and ideologies in relation to their own. Scott strongly advocates the use of literature as a cultural way in. Literature can be viewed as a product of historical and social circumstance, as a representative and revealing artifact.
The Language Model:- The focus of the language model is psycholinguistic. Teachers may choose to focus on how language is used within a given text. A literary text may be used to provide exemplars of particular grammatical points and/or lexical items. Such an approach enables learners to access a text in a systematic and methodical way in order to exemplify specific linguistic features e.g. literal and figurative language, direct and indirect speech. This approach lends itself well to the repertoire of strategies used in language teaching - cloze procedure, prediction exercises, jumbled sentences, summary writing, creative writing and role play - which all form part of the repertoire of EFL activities used by teachers to deconstruct literary texts in order to serve specific linguistic goals.
The Personal Growth Model:- This model attempts to bridge the cultural model and the language model by focusing on the particular use of language in a text, as well as placing it in a specific cultural context. The purpose is to use literature as a vehicle to educate, to promote critical awareness, and to have students assess, evaluate, and discuss issues within the text and provoked by the text. This model is used in different contexts, but is particularly well suited to the developing language learner reflecting on development through childhood and adolescence, and thus is particularly suited to the high school and undergraduate university classroom.
I would like to the prefer personal growth model because it encourages the learners to express their opinions, feelings and opinions and make connections between their own personal and cultural experiences and those expressed in the text. And it helps learners develop knowledge of ideas and language – content and formal schemata – through different themes and topics.
Ishani Desai
Apoorv Joshi (M.A. Sem -2, 2016)
ReplyDeleteAnswer -1
There are some chrematistics that portrayed by Kinney’s communication triangle. It gives bird’s eye view on teaching of literature in language classroom.
1) Expressive –Focus on personal expression like letters and diaries . In this view, we can give response which we feel and give our opinion.
2) Transactional – Focus on both reader and message like advertising , business letters, editorials, instructions etc. It is the process of transacting message.
3) Poetic – Focus on form and language like drama, poetry, novels, short stories. If we teach the language, we must teach literary forms so that they can feel the beauty of the language.
Answer -2
- The Cultural Model
It defines the traditional approach to teaching literature. It represents historical and social circumstance that they already know. It can be engage and motivate learner and provide more ready and deeper connections with target language.
- The Language Model
It is based on psycholinguistics. Teachers choose to focus on how language is used without using text. Teacher provides more examples of particular grammatical points. So that teacher can get outcome like increasing vocabulary, reading fluency etc.
- The personal growth model
It offers students –centered approach to literature study. The purpose of the model is to self-learning. It plays pivotal role in learning. They do evaluate themselves. The aim of this model is that they try how to learn and they also do error. In this process they can access and learn what they have ability.
I believe that personal growth model is best model because learner has freedom to give opinions, feelings and free to say his/her view. Having background knowledge they connect with present topic and give response easily.